Gwei: The unit of measurement of the Ethereum blockchain

They are a unit of measurement specific to ETH that expresses transaction fees and their associated costs within the current network. As such, we can conceptualize them as a fraction of the ETH cryptocurrency.

Quantitatively, one Gwei is equal to 0.000000001 ETH.

Transaction fees on Ethereum are calculated in Gwei, the cost per transaction of which is determined by multiplying the Gwei payable by the "gas" (referring to the computational effort required to execute transactions) related to that same transaction.

In this sense, Gwei are essential measures for setting and paying fees derived from operations on the current network, which, being a much smaller unit of measurement than Ether, allows great flexibility in setting fees on transactions.

What is the function of these tariffs?

Gas fees should be understood as incentives for validators to participate in the validation process inherent to the network.

They also contribute to mitigating spam on the network. By assigning a certain cost to each transaction, entities and individuals with bad intentions are discouraged from overloading the network with unnecessary transactions.

In short, this means that users can stipulate fees in terms of network conditions and the urgency of each transaction. In addition, the use of Gwei avoids rounding errors and provides transparency to transaction costs.